The determinants of innovation performance: an income-based cross-country comparative analysis using the Global Innovation Index (GII)

Abstract Despite the dearth of research on innovation, key determinants innovation performance still need to be clarified. Besides, a comparative analysis across countries at different income levels has yet found. This study, therefore, aims bridge this gap by considering 63 countries. Participating were purposefully selected from Global Innovation Index (GII) dataset. Multistage and multimodal analyses conducted, including multiple linear regressions, hierarchical regression, ANOVA, examine variation in pinpoint critical each category The result reveals that human capital, research, infrastructure, business sophistication are pillars determining countries’ performance. In variable-level analysis, linkage knowledge absorption (both sophistication), development (R&D), infrastructure (inculcating both physical digital) best predicting variables. shortage capital promote R&D is biggest bottleneck hampering lower-middle-income category. Also, for activities equally affect upper-middle-income, latter one, linkage, remains main challenge even high-income study implies predicts country’s economic growth. level vary per levels. Accordingly, firms various categories should prioritize tackling their respective bottlenecks hindering policy directions. claims have extended horizon understanding revealed most crucial factors Further empirical can done incorporating an informal institution, national culture, as additional determinant specifying sectors categories.